S-125 Neva Missile System

Soviet surface-to-air missile system (1961), outdoor exhibit in Kyiv.

The S-125 Neva is a Soviet radar-guided surface-to-air missile system that entered service with Warsaw Pact forces in 1961. Optimized for low-flying and highly maneuverable targets, it offered significantly better ECM resistance than its predecessors. The Kyiv exhibit represents Cold War arms buildup — a weapons system exported to dozens of countries that remained operational for decades.